11/20/2023 0 Comments Vocalization different contextsHowever, more research is needed to determine whether hummingbirds have unique adaptations that confer exceptional vocal and hearing abilities exceeding those found in other groups of birds. ![]() Detailed descriptions of the hummingbird syrinx have shown that this organ exhibits homologous structures to those found in the syrinx of oscines, showing that vocal complexity in hummingbirds requires complex syringeal musculature. Not only do some species vocalize at unusually high frequencies compared to other birds, but evidence also shows that at least one hummingbird species can hear these sounds, defying what we knew about avian hearing capabilities. In addition, the presence of high-frequency vocalizations in some hummingbirds underscores the relevance of these birds to study the evolution of communication signals and sensory adaptations. Moreover, vocal production learning in hummingbirds provides opportunities to study the evolution and diversification of vocal signals because of the presence of dialects in some species. Recent studies are advancing our knowledge of vocal communication in hummingbirds showing that these birds exhibit complex social learning and extraordinary abilities for vocal production. Despite these characteristics, hummingbirds have not received the same attention as other birds, especially songbirds and parrots, in the study of vocal communication. Furthermore, they are capable of vocal production learning, an ability they share with songbirds, parrots, some non-oscine birds, and some mammals including humans. Error bars capture the SEM.Hummingbirds exhibit complex vocal repertoires that they use in their social interactions. ( F) Heart rate differences by call type are separated into their respective contexts. ( E) Heart rate plotted by call type collapsed across context. Trend lines in red show significant correlations. ( D) Correlation between heart rate before call onset and acoustic features of the subsequent call (duration, frequency, amplitude, entropy). Gray triangle represents area where heart rate before vocalization was the equal to or less than the session mean. ( C) Heart rate before call onset was generally increased over the heart rate of the session mean. ![]() All heart rates are in units of hertz (beats per second). ( B) Mean heart rate for the entire session correlated with percent time spent calling in the session. To the Right, signal exemplars were aligned to call onset-waveform for a phee call, raw EMG signal capturing cardiorespiratory activity, isolated heart rate signal. Surface electrodes were applied to the dorsal and ventral thorax of an adult marmoset. ![]() ( A) Depiction of electromyography (EMG) setup. These findings suggest that variability in vocal output as a function of context might reflect trade-offs between the drive to perpetuate vocal contact and conserving energy.Īrousal language evolution monkey vocalizations social context speech evolution.Īrousal states influence subsequent vocal production. However, in contexts where marmosets are interacting, the production of these different call types is also affected by extrinsic factors such as the timing of a conspecific's vocalization. Different arousal levels are, generally, associated with changes in vocal acoustics and the drive to produce different call types. By modulating both the physical distance between marmosets and the sensory information available to them, we find that arousal levels are linked, but not inextricably, to vocal production. In the current study, we present a behavioral paradigm that reliably elicits different types of affiliative vocalizations from marmoset monkeys while measuring their heart rate fluctuations using noninvasive electromyography. Others disagree and believe that since many primates can use their vocalizations strategically, this demonstrates a degree of voluntary vocal control. Some believe that primate vocalizations are not volitional but are instead inextricably linked to internal states like arousal and thus bear little resemblance to human speech. A key question for understanding speech evolution is whether or not the vocalizations of our closest living relatives-nonhuman primates-represent the precursors to speech.
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